Orange wine, often referred to as amber or skin-contact wine, has a history that stretches back thousands of years to the ancient lands of Georgia. Nestled in the Caucasus region, Georgia is widely recognised as the birthplace of wine, with a tradition of winemaking that dates back over 8,000 years. It is here, in this fertile and historic land, that the first Georgian orange wine was crafted, using methods that have been passed down through generations.
The process of making orange wine in Georgia was deeply intertwined with the local culture and environment. Grapes were harvested and then fermented with their skins in large, earthenware vessels known as qvevri. These qvevris were buried underground, providing a stable, cool environment for the fermentation process. The use of qvevris is one of the defining characteristics of Georgian winemaking and remains a symbol of the country’s ancient winemaking heritage.
The qvevri method allowed the wine to develop complex flavours and a rich, amber colour, thanks to the prolonged contact between the grape skins and the juice. This technique was not only practical but also deeply symbolic, reflecting the connection between the people, the earth, and the traditions that sustained them. Orange wine history in Georgia is more than just a tale of winemaking; it is a story of cultural identity and continuity that has survived through millennia.
The Role of Qvevri in Traditional Orange Wine Making
The qvevri plays a crucial role in the production of traditional Georgian orange wine. These large, egg-shaped clay vessels are integral to the winemaking process, providing a unique environment that influences both the flavour and texture of the wine. Unlike modern stainless steel tanks or wooden barrels, qvevris are porous, allowing the wine to breathe and interact with the earth in a way that is impossible with other methods.
The process begins with the grapes being crushed and placed inside the qvevri, where they are left to ferment with their skins. This extended skin-contact wine method is what gives orange wine its distinctive tannic structure and deep, amber hue. The qvevri is then sealed with a wooden lid and clay, and buried underground to maintain a consistent temperature throughout the fermentation process. This slow, natural fermentation allows the wine to develop a complex profile, rich with notes of dried fruit, nuts, and earthy minerality.
In addition to shaping the wine’s characteristics, the qvevri also connects the wine to the land from which it comes. The clay used to make these vessels is often sourced locally, further embedding the wine within the landscape and culture of Georgia. The qvevri wine-making tradition is a testament to the ingenuity and deep respect for nature that characterises Georgian winemaking. Today, this ancient technique continues to influence winemakers around the world who seek to create wines with depth, character, and a strong sense of place.
How Orange Wine Differs from Other Wines
Orange wine stands apart from other types of wine, not just in its distinctive colour, but in its unique flavour profile and structure. While red and white wines are made by fermenting grapes either with or without their skins, orange wine occupies a middle ground. It is made from white grapes that are fermented with their skins, much like red wine, but the result is something entirely different.
The skin-contact wine method gives orange wine a level of complexity that is often missing in traditional white wines. The extended contact with the grape skins imparts tannins, which are more commonly associated with red wines, giving orange wine a slightly astringent, almost tea-like quality. This tannic structure, combined with the wine’s natural acidity, creates a mouthfeel that is both robust and refreshing, making it a versatile choice for pairing with food.
In terms of flavour, orange wines can be remarkably diverse, depending on the grape variety used and the length of skin contact. Common tasting notes include citrus, dried apricots, honey, and spices, with an underlying earthiness that reflects the traditional methods used to make the wine. This combination of tannins, acidity, and rich, layered flavours makes orange wine a unique and intriguing option for wine lovers who are looking for something different from the usual offerings of red, white, or rosé.
The Revival of Orange Wine in Italy and Beyond
The revival of orange wine in recent decades marks a significant chapter in the global wine industry. This resurgence, particularly prominent in regions like Friuli-Venezia Giulia in Italy and Slovenia, has been driven by a growing appreciation for traditional winemaking techniques. Inspired by the ancient Georgian methods, winemakers began to explore the potential of extended skin contact for white grapes, using traditional clay vessels such as qvevri. This approach has not only reintroduced a unique style of wine but has also highlighted the versatility of orange wine in food pairings, making it a favourite among chefs and sommeliers.
Impact of the Revival
The revival of orange wine has had a profound impact on the wine industry:
- Expansion of Wine Styles: Orange wine has broadened the spectrum of wine offerings, appealing to a diverse range of palates with its complex flavours and distinctive amber hue.
- Increased Interest in Winemaking History: The resurgence of orange wine has sparked a renewed fascination with traditional winemaking techniques and cultures, particularly those from Georgia and Eastern Europe.
- Economic Opportunities: The growing demand for orange wine has created new business opportunities for winemakers and related industries, including vineyards, suppliers of traditional winemaking equipment, and wine tourism.
- Growing Awareness of Food Pairings: Orange wine’s versatility and ability to complement a wide range of dishes have played a key role in its rising popularity, making it a go-to choice for pairing with diverse cuisines.
Why Orange Wine Has Gained Popularity Worldwide
In recent years, orange wine has transitioned from an ancient, niche product to a globally celebrated beverage. This surge in popularity can be attributed to several factors, including a growing interest in natural wine production and the desire for wines that offer something unique. As more consumers seek out wines with character and authenticity, orange wine has found its place among the most exciting trends in the wine world.
One of the key reasons for the increased demand for orange wine is its distinctive flavour profile, which stands out in a market dominated by more conventional options. The combination of tannins, acidity, and rich, complex flavours offers a sensory experience that is both intriguing and satisfying. This uniqueness appeals particularly to adventurous wine drinkers who are eager to explore beyond the familiar boundaries of red, white, and rosé.
Moreover, the story behind orange wine history adds to its allure. The connection to ancient traditions and the use of ancient winemaking techniques resonate with those who appreciate the cultural and historical significance of the wines they enjoy. In a world where mass production often overshadows craftsmanship, the artisanal nature of orange wine provides a refreshing alternative, appealing to consumers who value quality over quantity.
The role of influential sommeliers, wine critics, and social media has also contributed to orange wine’s rise. As these tastemakers have highlighted the unique qualities of orange wine, it has gained a foothold in top restaurants and wine bars around the world. The increasing availability of orange wines in retail shops and online, such as through Pure Wines shop, has further expanded its reach, making it accessible to a broader audience.
Pairing Orange Wine with Food: A Taste of History
One of the most enjoyable aspects of orange wine is its versatility in food pairings. The wine’s structure, with its tannins and acidity, makes it an excellent match for a wide variety of dishes, offering a new dimension to traditional wine pairings. When pairing orange wine with food, it’s important to consider the wine’s bold flavours and how they can complement or contrast with the meal.
Hearty dishes such as roasted meats, stews, and rich pasta sauces are natural companions for orange wine. The wine’s tannic structure can stand up to the robust flavours of these dishes, while its acidity cuts through the richness, providing balance and enhancing the overall dining experience. Similarly, orange wine pairs well with spicy foods, where its complexity can complement the heat and add depth to the flavours.
For those looking to explore the historical roots of orange wine through their dining choices, traditional Georgian dishes like khachapuri (cheese-filled bread) or kharcho (a hearty beef and walnut stew) are ideal. These foods, deeply connected to the culture that gave birth to orange wine, highlight the harmony between the wine and the cuisine of its origin.
In addition to savoury dishes, orange wine’s nutty and honeyed notes make it a surprising but delightful partner for certain desserts, particularly those featuring nuts, dried fruits, or caramel. The wine’s unique profile allows it to pair with a broader range of foods than many other wines, making it a versatile and exciting option for food lovers.
The Future of Orange Wine: Trends and Innovations
As orange wine continues to grow in popularity, winemakers around the world are experimenting with new methods and approaches to enhance and diversify this ancient style of wine. These innovations are not only keeping the tradition alive but also pushing the boundaries of what orange wine can be, ensuring that it remains relevant in the modern wine industry.
One trend is the increasing use of Qvevri wine-making techniques outside of Georgia. Winemakers in countries like Italy, Spain, and even the United States are adopting this ancient method, producing orange wines that combine traditional practices with local grape varieties. This global spread of the qvevri technique is helping to create a new generation of orange wines, each with its own regional character and flavour profile.
Another area of innovation is the exploration of different grape varieties for making orange wine. While traditional orange wines are often made from white grapes like Rkatsiteli or Ribolla Gialla, some winemakers are experimenting with other varieties, including less common or indigenous grapes. This experimentation is leading to a broader range of orange wines, each offering something unique to the consumer.
Sustainability is also playing a significant role in the future of natural wine production, including orange wine. Many producers are committed to organic and biodynamic farming practices, reducing the environmental impact of their winemaking processes. This focus on sustainability aligns with the broader movement toward more eco-friendly and ethical consumption, further enhancing the appeal of orange wine to a conscientious audience.
As the world of orange wine continues to evolve, it is clear that this ancient beverage has found a new place in the modern wine landscape. With its rich history, distinctive flavours, and potential for innovation, orange wine is set to remain a favourite among wine enthusiasts for years to come.
Conclusion
Orange wine is much more than a passing trend; it is a connection to the past and a testament to the enduring appeal of traditional winemaking. From its ancient roots in Georgia to its modern-day revival in Italy and beyond, orange wine represents a rich tapestry of culture, history, and craftsmanship. Its unique production methods, bold flavours, and versatility make it a standout in the world of wine.
As more people discover the joys of orange wine, its popularity is likely to continue growing. Whether you’re a seasoned wine lover or new to the world of orange wine, there’s never been a better time to explore this fascinating style. With its deep connection to the earth, its ancient winemaking techniques, and its potential for future innovation, orange wine offers a unique experience that is both timeless and contemporary.
FAQs
- 1. What makes orange wine different from other wines?
- Orange wine is made by fermenting white grapes with their skins.
- 2. Where did orange wine originate?
- Orange wine originated in Georgia over 8,000 years ago.
- 3. What foods pair well with orange wine?
- Orange wine pairs well with hearty dishes, spicy foods, and even some desserts.
- 4. Is orange wine considered a natural wine?
- Yes, orange wine is often produced using organic and biodynamic methods.
- 5. Why is orange wine becoming more popular?
- Its unique flavours, historical significance, and natural production appeal to many.
